Any data link layer details define how application data is encapsulated (for example for synchronization or error-correction).

Physical characteristics of the electrical or optical equipment include the types and numbers of wires required, voltages, frequencies, optical intensity, and the physical design of the connectors. For analog audio and analog video these functions are all represented in a single signal specification like NTSC or the direct speaker-driving signal of analog audio. For digital audio and digital video, this can be thought of as defining the physical layer, data link layer, and most or all of the application layer. Audio interfaces or video interfaces define physical parameters and interpretation of signals.

JSTOR ( February 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Īudio connectors and video connectors are electrical or optical connectors for carrying audio or video signals.

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